Why is it important to specify exception types in an except clause?

Specifying exception types in an except clause is important because it provides clarity on which errors are expected and can be handled gracefully within the program. By explicitly stating the exception types, developers can indicate to anyone reading or maintaining the code what kinds of problems the code anticipates and is prepared to deal with. This results in more robust applications, as it ensures that the program responds appropriately to known issues while allowing unexpected exceptions to propagate and be handled elsewhere or cause a controlled failure.

In addition, specifying exception types can help improve debugging, as developers can see what errors are being deliberately caught and managed, leading to a clearer understanding of the program's flow and potential failure points. This practice also aids in maintaining code quality and reducing the risk of accidental catches that might mask underlying issues, making it easier to manage and update the code in the future.