Which concept allows a method in a subclass to override a method in its superclass?

The concept that allows a method in a subclass to override a method in its superclass is polymorphism. Specifically, polymorphism enables a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass. This is achieved through method overriding, where the subclass method has the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass.

When a subclass instance is created and a method is called, the version of the method that gets executed is determined by the actual object type, rather than the reference type. This behavior allows for dynamic method resolution, which is a key aspect of polymorphism.

For example, if you have a superclass called Animal with a method sound(), and a subclass called Dog that overrides the sound() method to provide the sound specific to dogs, calling sound() on an instance of Dog will execute the Dog version, not the Animal version. This dynamic dispatch feature ensures that the correct method is called at runtime, illustrating the core principle of polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

Other concepts like encapsulation, abstraction, and inheritance are related to object-oriented programming but do not define the specific mechanism of method overriding. Encapsulation is about bund