What does it mean to refactor code?

Refactoring code refers to the process of restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior or functionality. It involves improving the internal structure of the code to make it more efficient, readable, and maintainable. The goal of refactoring is to enhance code quality without altering how the software behaves from an external user perspective.

When developers refactor code, they may optimize algorithms, simplify complex code, or improve variable naming conventions. These changes can help reduce technical debt, make the codebase easier to understand, and facilitate future enhancements. Importantly, while the internal workings of the code may change significantly, the end results and outputs experienced by users remain the same, which is a fundamental aspect of refactoring.