What are design patterns in software development?

Design patterns are recognized as general repeatable solutions to common design issues within software development. They serve as templates that can be applied to solve recurring design problems in various contexts. Rather than providing unique solutions tailored to a single instance, design patterns encapsulate proven methodologies that developers can adapt and implement across different projects or systems.

For example, the Observer pattern can be utilized whenever there's a need for a system to notify multiple components about changes in a particular state, which is a scenario that frequently arises in event-driven systems. By using design patterns, developers can improve code readability, enhance maintainability, and foster better communication among team members by leveraging shared terminology and structured approaches to design.

The other concepts listed do not accurately describe design patterns. Unique solutions for one-time problems are specific to individual scenarios and not reusable. Specific frameworks provide a structure for applications but do not necessarily address the design issues that may arise within that framework. Guidelines for database management pertain to data handling and organization rather than the principles of software design.